HIV affects the immune system in broad and devastating ways. Its main target is a special immune system cell called the CD4+ T lymphocyte. These cells help the body fight infections of all kinds. When HIV infects these cells, it decreases their numbers and affects how the cells that are left function.

After an adult is infected with HIV, he or she usually has no obvious symptoms for 5 to 10 years. During this time, however, the virus is slowly attacking the immune system. When the immune system is weakened enough, it becomes susceptible to other organisms that the body can usually fight off or keep under control. These other organisms include bacteria, other viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Many serious health problems occur as a result of the immune system damage caused by HIV. The most serious is AIDS.

The body produces antibodies to fight off HIV infection. HIV is usually diagnosed by blood tests called antibody titer tests. The enzyme immunoassay, or EIA, is used as a screening test. If this test is positive, a HIV Western blot test is done to confirm the diagnosis. The virus can also be detected by testing for viral proteins and by doing blood cultures. Other tests may be ordered to help diagnose complications of HIV infection, such as pneumonia.

Negative tests do not always mean that a person is free of infection. Weeks or months might pass after exposure to the virus before antibodies can be detected in the body.

Although practicing safer sex cannot completely protect a person from HIV, it can lower the risk. Condoms help prevent passing along the virus. Research in laboratories has shown that a spermicide called nonoxynol-9 kills or stops the growth of HIV. However, there are not yet any studies that prove spermicides prevent HIV infection in humans. Some experts do believe that using spermicide on a condom or putting it into the vagina can kill some HIV organisms before they can infect the woman. It is safest to avoid sexual intercourse with people who have HIV infection or unknown HIV status and those who use IV drugs.

A person should not share needles, syringes, or other drug paraphernalia that could carry tainted blood or body fluids with anyone. When caring for someone in an emergency, it is important to wear gloves to protect against HIV in body secretions.

A woman who is pregnant or thinking about getting pregnant, should ask her doctor to test her for HIV. If a woman has HIV, steps can be taken during pregnancy and birth to avoid passing it to her baby.

Tags : HIV, HIV Prevention

Vitamins and minerals are present in the foods we eat, and in even greater quantities in whole foods which are not as processed as pre-packaged, and canned foods. The more natural the food source, the greater the levels of vitamins and minerals, or micronutrients. Micronutrients are important to our bodies as they are required only in small amounts, hence the name micronutrients.

Every function of our body requires micronutrients. This requirement is on a cellular level, with different cells requiring different types. Micronutrients help the body to regulate metabolism, release energy from foods, carry oxygen to cells (iron), help develop strong bones and teeth, improve immune system functioning, and to act as antioxidants. The human body requires micronutrients for nearly all of its essential functions, so how do you know if you are receiving enough of them? There is no single plant or animal which contains all of the vitamins and minerals the body requires. This is why for decades the medical community has been preaching the benefits of a well balanced diet. Individuals who rely on a single food source are actually damaging their metabolic balance. It is therefore even more important for those with HIV/AIDS to ensure that they eat a balanced, healthy diet.

HIV positive people may not be able to keep their micronutrient needs in check without the addition of supplements. Larger amounts of vitamins and minerals may be required to stay healthy because the immune system is working harder to fight off the HIV virus and other opportunistic infections. HIV medicine, stress, malnutrition, and digestive problems can all affect micronutrient needs. Even if you are eating very well, experts tend to agree that with HIV/AIDS, it will be hard to get all of the vitamins and minerals you will need. Supplementing your diet with vitamins and minerals can be a very helpful strategy in HIV management, but you should always discuss with your health care practitioner before starting any supplements.

Not all vitamins and minerals are beneficial for people living with HIV/AIDS. Before starting any supplements, consult with your physician. The below listing is a overview of some vitamins and minerals which may be of use to you in your treatment regimen. It is very important to note that the information contained here is not a self-treatment guide! This is knowledge which can help to empower you to make informed health care decisions with your doctor. The fact is that taking vitamins can also harm you. Too much vitamins can lead to problems like diarrhea, kidney stones, vomiting, liver toxicity, and much more. Always discuss with your doctor to find the right mix for your health care needs.

Tags : Health Care, HIV Medicine, HIV/AIDS